'Serious blow' for England as Atkinson leaves the field suffering a hamstring problem.
The English seamer increased the injury concerns plaguing England when he left the playing area during Saturday's play of the Boxing Day Test in the Ashes series.
The pace bowler felt a problem in his left leg post-delivery in his spell on Saturday.
The England team indicated the 27-year-old reported "discomfort" and required time off the field for further assessment "over the next few hours".
The final Test in this Ashes battle beginning on 4 January gets underway at the end of the week.
England have been without strike bowlers Mark Wood to a knee injury and Jofra Archer to a side strain on the current trip.
A replacement bowler was called up as cover for Wood.
The seamer had a tough time in the opening two Tests, taking just three wickets.
He was dropped from the previous Test, only to be brought back for the Melbourne Test as Archer's replacement.
Atkinson improved at the MCG, taking two wickets in Australia's first innings, then making 28 while batting as one of just three English batsmen to get into double digits.
After bowling one over late on the first day, he resumed for the second day's play and dismissed the nightwatchman edging to the keeper.
However, at the end of that over, he sent down a variation to Travis Head and immediately felt for his hamstring.
The English bowler returned to the side for the Boxing Day Test having missed the Adelaide game.
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